Pugs, bulldogs, and other breeds with flat faces are cute and sweet, so it's no surprise that they're desired companions for many. Flat-faced dogs are also called brachycephalic breeds because of their tendency to develop brachycephalic syndrome. They’re more prone to significant health problems that a veterinarian may need to address to keep your pet healthy over the course of a long life. If you have a flat-faced dog, here are some answers to the most important questions about their medical issues.

A Guide to Keeping Your Flat-Faced Dog Healthy

What are brachycephalic dogs?

Historically, brachycephalic dogs have been bred for their adorable flat faces. However, these pups often face breathing difficulties due to the shape of their respiratory system. This is caused by a genetic mutation that changes the way the bones in their skulls grow. Common brachycephalic dog breeds include:

• English and French bulldog
• Pug
• Boxer
• Boston Terrier
• Pekingese
• Shih Tzu

What kinds of health problems do they have?

The most common health problem that these dogs encounter is brachycephalic syndrome, which is caused by shortened or narrowed airways. It can cause breathing issues, especially during exertion, stress, or exposure to high temperatures.

Heart problems can also result from these breathing difficulties. Their labored breathing can put extra stress on their circulatory system, which makes it more likely that they’ll develop heart disease. 

Many flat-faced dogs can't give birth naturally, so they require cesarean sections. This is because the puppies' heads are too large for the mother's narrow hips and birth canal. 

Their teeth can become overcrowded, causing them to decay at a more rapid rate than other dogs. Additionally, if a dog's face has wrinkles, it's more likely to develop a yeast infection beneath them if they're not properly cleaned.

What are signs of distress?

Many dog owners assume that signs of distress are simply trademarks of their dog’s breed, as flat-faced dogs are known for snorting, bulging eyes, and difficulty breathing. However, all of these symptoms are potential causes for concern. 

If your pup is having severe breathing issues or seems overheated with symptoms like excessive panting or lethargy, take them to a veterinarian right away. Other symptoms that warrant medical attention include choking, decreased exercise tolerance, gagging, sleep problems, obesity, eye irritation, squinting, and teeth crowding. 

What can owners do?

If your dog is young, your veterinarian might be able to perform a surgery that will make breathing easier for them. The vet might shorten the dog’s soft palette, remove laryngeal saccules, or remove a wedge of tissue to allow better airflow.

If your pup isn’t eligible for surgery, there are some things you can do at home to make their life easier. Keep them at a comfortable temperature and limit their exercise time and exposure to stress. Wipe your dog’s face folds with witch hazel to prevent yeast infections. Brush their teeth to prevent decay, and schedule a yearly checkup so that a vet can catch any issues. 

If you're the loving owner of a flat-faced dog, you want to give them the happiest life possible. Westside Veterinary Hospital is a state-of-the-art veterinarian’s office and animal hospital in Statesboro, GA. Their veterinarians have over 25 years of combined experience in their field and are familiar with all breeds of dogs and adorable faces. They'll help you find the right treatment plan to keep your companion healthy and comfortable. Visit them online or call (912) 489-1998 to schedule a checkup today.