Intrauterine devices, or IUDs, are becoming an increasingly popular birth control option, with about 10% of women opting to use them. Compared to other types of contraception, an IUD typically has fewer side effects and only requires insertion every few years while still offering effective pregnancy prevention. When choosing an IUD, women have the option of hormonal or non-hormonal, each of which has its own benefits and risks. 

What Is the Difference Between a Hormonal and Non-Hormonal IUD? 

Both hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs are inserted into the cervix to prevent pregnancy.

A hormonal IUD works by releasing the hormone progestin to cervical mucus, which prevents sperm from reaching the egg and thins the uterine lining so it’s more difficult for an egg to implant. This type is effective for up to six years depending on the brand.

A non-hormonal IUD, also known as a copper IUD, can be effective for up to 10 years or longer. It works by damaging sperm so it can’t fertilize an egg and spurs an immune response that prevents the development of healthy eggs. 

Why the Type Matters

While both hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs are effective forms of contraception, they affect your body differently.

Hormonal IUDs often lead to more regular, lighter periods or none at all, and are often options for women who can’t take birth control pills containing estrogen. Keep in mind that hormonal IUDs can cause some temporary side effects in the first few months after they’ve been inserted, including headaches, acne, cramping, and moodiness. 

Non-hormonal copper IUDs are ideal for women who can’t take hormone-based birth control pills, but they can temporarily cause heavier and more painful periods.

How to Choose the Right IUD 

Although some IUDs are FDA-approved only for women who have been pregnant, other contraception options are suitable for anyone who wants it.

However, some women are not good candidates for any IUD, including those who have or have had certain types of cancer (including breast cervical, or uterine), unexplained vaginal bleeding, or pelvic inflammatory disease.

For healthy women who want an IUD, the choice usually comes down to their periods: If you want to keep your periods relatively the same, then choose a non-hormonal IUD. If you want more control over your period, you may prefer a hormonal IUD.

If you need help exploring your contraception options, the compassionate providers at TTNYD & D OBGYN in Honolulu, HI, are here to help. These experienced doctors will explain all of the available solutions to find the best option for your lifestyle. Centrally located on Oahu, they also provide obstetrics, general gynecology, and women’s wellness services to keep you healthy at all stages of life. To schedule an appointment, call (808) 599-4200.