Understanding the basic components of a septic system is an important part of running an efficient home. Whenever you flush the toilet or use a sink, wastewater is guided through a discharge sewer pipe and into the septic tank. What happens then? Here’s a closer look at each element of what keeps your home safe and sanitary.

4 Primary Components of a Septic System

1. Septic Tank

Usually made with concrete, the tank is a watertight vessel buried underground. Within the tank are two distinct chambers, though some older tanks contain only one. In the first, solid waste begins to break down with the help of bacteria, and wastewater flows through to the second.

As the wastewater settles inside, solid matter sinks to the bottom and forms the sludge layer. Oily and greasy substances float to the top to form the scum layer. What’s left is the liquid waste, or effluent, that will exit the tank. Every three to five years—depending on household size—the tank will need to be emptied by a professional pumping service.

2. Distribution Box

Sometimes referred to as the D-box, this is a separate container that captures the effluent as it exits the tank via an outlet pipe. Its primary role is to evenly distribute the liquid to the drain field. This component is usually situated somewhere near the tank, at the edge of the drain field.

3. Drain Field

At the end of the septic system is a shallow excavated area. Dug in dry soil, the drain field features a series of pipes through which the effluent is discharged.

Be mindful that this area may overflow if the tank is clogged and hasn’t been pumped in a while. This can cause a flood that may eventually force sewage to back up into the home. A common sign of this is bright green grass over the drain field, which indicates excess moisture “fertilizing” the lawn.

4. Soil

The soil plays a significant role in what happens to the wastewater. As it percolates, the soil eliminates a variety of substances that affect its integrity, including bacteria and viruses. The water is then safely discharged to the groundwater supply.

For a reliable septic system professional who can pump the tank as needed and perform vital repairs, turn to the experienced team at Martin’s Septic Service in Eatonton, GA. Proudly serving clients throughout Lake Sinclair, Lake Oconee, and the surrounding areas, the company can address your septic tank problems promptly to ensure the system runs smoothly. Visit the website for more information on their services or call (478) 452-8272 to schedule an appointment.