Over the past several decades, gas chromatography (GC) has been an effective method for analyzing complex mixtures of organic compounds. From groundwater sampling and pollution monitoring to food and pharmaceutical analysis, it is now widely used in a diverse array of applications. It typically serves to identify unknown substances, conduct research, and ensure product quality control. The answers to these common questions below help explain more about it. 

A Guide to Gas Chromatography

What Is It? 

Gas chromatography is a technique used to separate, detect, and quantify the components of a mixture. These components are typically analyzed while in their gas phase. This allows scientists and researchers to determine which particular compounds are contained in a sample and the percentage of each one. 

How Does It Work? 

This analysis is done with a gas chromatograph, which consists of a heated inlet port, oven, analytical column, and detector. First, samples are typically dissolved or diluted in a solvent and then placed onto the inlet port. The liquid is then vaporized by the heat, turning it into a gas. 

Next, an inert gas, like helium, is used to help move the sample through the column, which is coated with a stationary phase. Here, the various compounds within the sample will start to separate and travel at different speeds through the column as they interact with the stationary phase based on their chemical composition. 

Eventually, they’ll enter the detector one by one, where they can be identified. The machine will produce a graph that shows the number of individual compounds present and their respective amounts. 

How Is It Different From Thin-Layer Chromatography?

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is another method for analyzing samples. Usually, it’s better suited for identifying non-volatile compounds, whereas gas chromatography is able to detect volatile compounds. Additionally, TLC doesn’t require as many materials to perform an analysis, but GC offers more detailed and faster results. 

What Are the Advantages?

One of the biggest benefits of GC compared to other chromatography techniques is that it’s versatile enough to measure hundreds of compounds, meaning it can be used in many different industries. It’s also highly sensitized, so it’s capable of detecting compounds at lower limits and with greater accuracy. It’s particularly useful for collecting real-time data during construction projects, such as soil and groundwater sampling, to allow for immediate decisions in the field.

If you’re in need of gas chromatography to help with your development plans, turn to GeoTek Alaska. Based in Anchorage, this team of highly-knowledgeable geoscientists and technicians use state-of-the-art equipment and technology to provide accurate data that allows project managers to make informed decisions in a quick and cost-efficient manner. They’re capable of delivering real-time drilling site assessments through precise groundwater sampling and soil analysis. Call (907) 569-5900 or visit them online to learn more about their services.