Refractive errors are structural changes in the eyes that typically call for prescription glasses and contact lenses to fix. They occur when the ocular organ's shape does not bend light correctly, making it hard to see. Here are a few of the most common types to help determine if any apply to you.

What Are Different Kinds of Refractive Errors? 

1. Nearsightedness

Nearsightedness makes it difficult to view far-away items. With this condition, words and objects seen at a distance appear fuzzy, complicating actions like reading signs or watching TV. However, it doesn't usually affect one's ability to read or see anything up close.

It occurs when the corneas are severely curved, or the eyeballs are too long from front to back. Such issues cause light to be in front of the retinas instead of on them. This refractive error is often noticeable in childhood and worsens over time. Prescription glasses, contact lenses, and corneal-based eye surgery, such as LASIK, are common treatment options.

2. Farsightedness

In contrast to nearsightedness, farsighted individuals have problems reading and seeing items up close. It happens when the eyeballs are too short from front to back or when the corneas are excessively flat. Either issue causes light to accumulate at the back of the corneas rather than on top of them.

Prescription glasses and contact lenses allow farsighted people to see clearly. Nonetheless, eye surgery that corrects corneal shapes, such as LASIK, could be necessary in severe cases.

3. Astigmatism

Astigmatism is when objects appear blurry up close and at great distances. Individuals with this condition have football-shaped eyes instead of round ones, causing them to experience light distortions over the retinas.

In addition to corrective lenses, astigmatism treatments include surgery. Patients with this common vision problem can also opt for lens-based procedures where ocular implants get placed in the eyes. 

4. Presbyopia

As a person ages, the eyeball lenses become less flexible, preventing light from focusing on the retina correctly. This stiffness, known as presbyopia, makes it harder to see up close. The condition can require wearing bifocals, progressive lenses, or reading glasses to fix. Most people experience this vision problem after age 45.

If you suspect you're dealing with a refractive error, visit West Valley Vision Center. Based in Fairbanks, AK, they offer various eye care services to help boost your vision, including routine exams and surgery. They also carry a wide variety of prescription glasses and contacts. Call (907) 479-4700 today to make an appointment, or visit the website to explore their selection of eyewear.