A pap smear, also known as a pap test, is used to screen for cervical cancer. Women should have one every three years between the ages of 21 and 29 and every five years from 30 to 65. It’s a relatively quick, easy, and painless procedure. Learn what to expect from the process in the guide below.

How to Prepare

Schedule the appointment for approximately five to 14 days after you expect your period to end; if you’re menstruating during the test, the blood and tissue can interfere with the results. If your period unexpectedly starts before the appointment, call your gynecologist. They may recommend rescheduling unless the flow is very light. 

Avoid any activities in the 48 hours before the appointment that could interfere with the results. Don't have sexual intercourse, use a vaginal lubricant, insert a tampon, or use a spermicide. If you douche, don't do so for at least 72 hours before the appointment. 

What Does the Procedure Involve?

If this is your first visit to the OB-GYN, you may need to fill out some new patient paperwork when you arrive. You’ll likely be asked when your last period started, whether you use birth control, and any concerns you want to address.

You’ll be taken to a private room with an exam table and given a paper drape. The nurse will leave, after which you can remove your clothing from the waist down and sit on the exam table with the paper drape over your upper thighs.

When the doctor arrives, you’ll lie back on the table and place your feet in the stirrups to keep your knees apart. The doctor will insert a lubricated speculum into the vagina to spread the walls open so that they can access the cervix. 

The doctor will insert a small swab with a long handle into the cervix, which takes a cell sample from the lining inside. You may feel some pressure or slight discomfort. The doctor will then remove the speculum and give you some privacy to get dressed. The entire procedure should only take a few minutes. 

Results

The cells are sent to a lab for analysis, which usually takes one to three weeks. A negative result means no abnormal cells were found, which is good news. 

Only 10% of results are found positive, which means abnormal cells were present. However, the test isn't a cancer diagnosis; your doctor will have you return for further testing. The abnormal cells could result from numerous causes, and not all of them develop into cancer. If you receive positive results, it's important to stay optimistic. Your doctor will help you determine the next steps.

If you’re due for a pap smear, schedule it with Women Gynecology & Childbirth Associates in Rochester, NY. This experienced team of female doctors offers compassionate, knowledgeable, and unparalleled care. They'll keep you comfortable and informed throughout the test. Meet their doctors online, or schedule an appointment by calling (585) 244-3430.