Pap smears, or pap tests, are exams performed by gynecologists that entail taking samples of cervical cells and lab testing them for abnormalities. While cervical cancer can be a cause of abnormal test results, it's a less-common cause when compared to other health conditions. However, abnormal results often signal the need for treatment to prevent ill effects and ensure optimum health. Here are a few possible causes and what they indicate. 

What Causes Abnormal Pap Smears Results?

1. Vaginal Infections

Yeast infections can cause changes to the cells within the cervix, which can lead to an abnormal Pap smear. Fortunately, yeast infections are usually very easy to treat. While there are over-the-counter treatments available, you should visit a gynecologist to review symptoms like itching and foul-smelling discharge. Causes of yeast infections include impaired immune function, unmanaged diabetes, and certain medications. 

2. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and chlamydia can also cause an abnormal result. These diseases can be treated using antibiotics, and timely treatment will prevent more serious complications. However, STIs can usually be avoided by practicing safer sex. For example, discussing sexual histories with new partners and using condoms every time you have sex can reduce your STI risk. 

3. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 

HPV is an incredibly common STI that typically doesn't cause any symptoms. However, certain strains of HPV can lead to cancer, which is why regular Pap smears are so important. There's also an HPV vaccine that can prevent infections in the first place. Vaccination is recommended for people between the ages of 11 and 12, but it can be administered up to age 26. 

Most women require Pap smears every three years to identify potential health issues early on. Advanced OB-GYN Services offers this and many other services in a kind and caring environment. Gynecologist Dr. Joseph Hazan has over three decades of experience, which he combines with state-of-the-art equipment to ensure patient comfort. Visit the website to learn more about their gynecological services. Patients can also contact two convenient Missouri locations to schedule an appointment. Call (636) 928-1800 to reach St. Peters, or contact the Bridgeton office by calling (314) 291-2140.