If you’re interested in hunting, a shotgun is a versatile firearm that you can carry and use in many environments. They also tend to be more powerful, which is advantageous when targeting large wildlife. However, before you invest in one, you should know which gauge will work best for your needs. Here’s a quick look at different shotgun gauges and the best scenarios for each one.

What Do Gauge Sizes Mean?

Shotgun gauges are designated by a numerical value. In Illinois, hunters are permitted to use 12, 16, and 20 gauge models. The gauge measures the diameter of the gun’s bore. The smaller the number, the larger the bore. For instance, 12-gauge firearms have a bore diameter of 0.725 inches, whereas 20-gauge models have a bore diameter of 0.615 inches. The wider the bore, the larger the shell that it fires.

Specifically, gauge measurement refers to the weight of a lead ball that would fit inside, inverse to one pound. For example, a 12-gauge shotgun could accommodate a lead ball that was 1/12 of a pound. By contrast, a 20-gauge model would fit a lead ball that weighed 1/20 of a pound. 

What Gauge Should You Use?

12 Gauge

New hunters often start with a 12-gauge shotgun because it is one of the most common and available firearms. Due to the heavier weight of the shell, this option allows you to take down large game without compromising precision. These shotguns are commonly used to hunt deer, bears, turkeys, geese, and ducks.

16 Gauge

Compared to other gauges, 16-gauge shotguns aren’t as popular because they have a limited range of ammunition. Still, this option is sometimes preferred over 12-gauge models because it’s lighter and produces less recoil. This can make it an excellent option for younger hunters who cannot handle a 12-gauge firearm. Generally, this type is used for shooting targets or hunting upland game, such as rabbits, geese, and turkeys. However, when hunting waterfowl, you must use approved, lead-free ammunition so that it doesn't contaminate the water.

20 Gauge

Thanks to their light profile and minimal recoil, 20-gauge shotguns are preferred by hunters focusing on small game—such as doves, squirrels, and quail. Ammunition is also widely available for these guns, making them almost as popular as 12-gauge shotguns.

Whether you’re an avid hunter or a beginner, Shooter’s Firearms & Indoor Range in Columbia, IL, offers a wide selection of shotguns. This team can introduce you to many impressive options to suit your hunting preferences and budget. They also have an indoor shooting range and teach training courses to help you become more comfortable with your gun. Visit them online for more information about their services. Call (618) 281-6393 to speak with a team member.