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If your loved one was recently diagnosed with leukemia, you might be confused about what this means for them. Leukemia is a cancer of blood cells that begins in the bone marrow, which then spreads throughout the body and organs. The guide below answers some common questions about leukemia that will help you understand what your loved one is going through.

An Introduction to Leukemia

What causes leukemia?

Leukemia occurs when a bone marrow cell's DNA mutates, causing them to multiply uncontrollably. This results in excessive abnormal blood cells, which crowd out healthy platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells. The exact causes of leukemia are unknown, but it may come from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic disorders, smoking cigarettes, exposure to industrial chemicals, and a previous history of cancer and certain treatments can increase one’s risk of developing leukemia.

How does leukemia affect the body?

cancer

When people have leukemia, their body doesn't make enough healthy blood cells. This can cause many symptoms, which may vary in severity based on age, health, and type of leukemia. These are some common symptoms your loved one may be experiencing:

  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Fever, chills, and persistent infections
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Weight loss and loss of appetite
  • Bruising and bleeding easily
  • Swollen or bleeding gums
  • Bone or joint pain
  • Tiny red spots under the skin

Are there different forms of leukemia?

There are four main types of leukemia. They're categorized by the blood cells affected—myeloid and lymphoid—and how quickly the cancer develops. The condition may be acute, meaning it progresses rapidly, or chronic, which means the progression is gradual. The most common cases of leukemia are acute myeloid, acute lymphocytic, chronic myeloid, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

How is leukemia treated?

Most people with leukemia will undergo chemotherapy as their first treatment option. Chemotherapy uses medicine to kill cancer cells orally or intravenously (IV). Other treatments include stem cell transplants, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and occasionally surgery. Many of these treatments are used in combination with chemotherapy. An oncologist designs a custom treatment plan based on the patient’s age, health, white blood cell count, history of cancer, and genetics of the cancer.

 

Alaska Oncology and Hematology, LLC in Anchorage offers caring and compassionate treatment for patients with cancer. This local oncology practice provides leading cancer treatments tailored to each patient’s needs in a comfortable, supportive environment. The knowledgeable team will guide your loved one to recovery, answering questions and helping them understand their care every step of the way. Visit the practice's website or call (907) 279-3155 to learn more about leukemia and treatment options.

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