When you welcome a dog into your home, you want to do everything you can to keep t hem happy and healthy. While you should brush their teeth one to two times a week and schedule annual checkups, it's important to be on the lookout for potential problems throughout the year. Gums that are swollen and tender, for example, can often have underlying causes and warrant a trip to the veterinarian to alleviate discomfort. Here are a few of the most common causes of canine gum swelling.

Why Do Dogs' Gums Swell?

1. Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the first stage in the development of gum disease for humans and dogs alike. The cause of gingivitis is plaque that is left to turn into tartar on the gumline. This invites a bacterial infection that will present through symptoms like gum swelling and bleeding, sensitivity, and bad breath. The progression of gingivitis can be stopped with appropriate dental care and oral hygiene.

2. Periodontal Disease

Untreated gingivitis can lead to periodontal disease, which occurs when the associated bacterial infection spreads to the roots of the teeth and surrounding bone structure, leading to tooth loss. At this stage of infection, increased gum inflammation, bleeding, and halitosis may develop before the loss of one or more teeth. 

3. Stomatitis

Some cases of gum swelling in dogs are caused by a disorder called stomatitis which causes an immune response to any bacteria in the mouth. Stomatitis can trigger severe inflammation of the gums, tongue, lips, and other tissue inside the mouth. This disorder is very painful and often results in a dog refusing to eat. Treatment includes regular dental cleanings and sealants to shield the teeth from bacteria.

4. Tooth Fracture

If you notice that your dog is refusing to eat or showing signs of pain along with gum swelling, always check their teeth for fractures. A fractured tooth can be a highly painful condition and can also open the door to a bacterial infection. A broken or fractured tooth that is causing your dog pain should be treated as a medical emergency and is an excellent reason to head to the nearest veterinarian's office as soon as possible for pain relief, antibiotics, and possible extraction.

Whether your furry friend needs a routine veterinarian check-up or state-of-the-art surgery, you can count on Rolling Hills Veterinary Hospital in Columbia, MO. With two convenient locations, five veterinary experts, and over 20 years of experience, they are sure to have all your pet's needs covered. Visit their website or call (573) 449-3791 to register as a new client.