Gum disease is a common dental problem that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by swollen, red, and bleeding gums, which can be painful and uncomfortable. Swollen gums can be caused by various factors, including poor oral hygiene, hormonal changes, and certain medications. In this article, we will explore the top five common causes of swollen gums. 

1. Poor Oral Hygiene 

Poor oral hygiene is one of the leading causes of gum disease. If you fail to brush and floss your teeth regularly, plaque can accumulate on your teeth and gum line. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that can cause gum irritation and inflammation. If left untreated, plaque can harden into tartar, which can only be removed by a dentist. Therefore, it is essential to brush your teeth twice a day, floss daily, and visit your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings. 

2. Hormonal Changes 

Hormonal changes can also cause swollen gums, particularly in women. During puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, hormonal fluctuations can increase blood flow to the gums, making them more sensitive and prone to inflammation. If you notice swollen gums during these times, you may need to take extra care of your oral hygiene routine to prevent further irritation. 

3. Medications 

Certain medications can also cause swollen gums as a side effect. For example, anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, and immunosuppressants can cause gum tissue to overgrow, leading to swollen and painful gums. If you are taking any medication that causes swollen gums, talk to your dentist or doctor about alternative options. 

4. Smoking and Tobacco Use 

Smoking and tobacco use can also cause swollen gums. Tobacco products contain chemicals that can irritate the gums and cause inflammation. Smoking can also weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off gum infections. Therefore, quitting smoking or tobacco use can help improve your oral health and reduce the risk of gum disease.

5. Poor Diet 

Lastly, a poor diet can also contribute to swollen gums. Consuming too many sugary and processed foods can increase the risk of gum disease. A diet low in essential nutrients such as vitamin C and calcium can also weaken the gums and make them more susceptible to infection. Therefore, it is important to eat a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. 

Swollen gums can be caused by various factors, including poor oral hygiene, hormonal changes, medications, smoking, and poor diet. If you notice swollen or bleeding gums, it is essential to see your dentist for a proper diagnosis and treatment. At Drs. Bradford and Catchings Family Dentistry, we are committed to keeping your mouth healthy and your smile bright. Call us today at (540) 213-1966 to book your first appointment or visit us online for more information about our mission, qualifications, and services.