A residential water well delivers free, natural water every day, and it's a profitable long-term investment when taken care of. Understanding the core components of this device ensures you understand general maintenance and when to call a repair professional, so review the basics below.

What's the Anatomy of a Water Well?

1. Cap

The cap is the top of the well, making it essential for protecting your water source. This moisture-resistant, air-tight top ensures bugs, pesticides, lawn chemicals, and other contaminants don't mix into the water. It protrudes at least 12 inches above the ground, or higher if you're in a flood zone.

To ensure the cap isn't disrupted, fence off this area and regularly check that the piece is secure. Also, report signs of damage to a technician so they can replace the cap and test the water for contaminants.

2. Casing

The tube-shaped water well casing extends deep into the ground to the water source. It fills with water and stores it before it's drawn into your home. Casings are made of durable PVC that won't rust, and they prevent soil-based contaminants, such as heavy metals, from entering the water supply. At the bottom is a well screen that captures additional sediment and other debris so they can't settle in the casing.

Leaks in the casing are the biggest concern, causing a drop in home water pressure or cleanliness. Water may smell and contain contaminants, so don't drink any until repair professionals arrive. Leaks develop from corroding metal pipes, pressure created by large stones in the system, and disturbed surrounding soil, so schedule an annual inspection to ensure a technician can see if the casing is at risk of leaking.

3. Pump

The pump draws water from the casing into your home. Submersible designs sit at the bottom of the casing and push water into your home's plumbing system, whereas jet pumps are for shallow wells and installed above ground.

Mechanical failure and leaks are the two primary concerns with well pumps. Have their motors serviced once a year so they run smoothly, and check for leaks if you notice a drop in water pressure. Also, schedule repairs if the pump makes grinding or squealing noises, which are common signs of part failure.

If you want to install a water well or need repairs, turn to Reliable Pump & Well Services in Montgomery, NY. This family-owned and -operated company provides comprehensive well drilling and maintenance services. They’re available 24/7 for emergency assistance and carry a large selection of premium pumps, pressure tanks, and well products. Learn more about their well services online, or call (845) 629-8301 to schedule an inspection today. You can also find more insights on their Facebook page and apply for financing here.