Periodontitis, or gum disease, is a common oral health condition that causes the gums to become infected. Though advanced stages of this affliction can lead to serious complications, there are several ways to treat and prevent it. Here's what to know about periodontal disease and keeping your mouth healthy. 

A Guide to Gum Disease

What causes gum disease?

Plaque is a sticky substance that contains bacteria and builds up on teeth after consuming sugars and starches. Over time, it can harden and form tartar, trapping bacteria against the gums and causing microbes to absorb into the soft tissue. This can lead to infection and the first stage of gum disease, known as gingivitis. 

When bacteria reproduce within the soft tissue, pockets can develop along the gum line. As these open spaces fill with plaque, tartar, and bacteria, the infection can advance, potentially damaging deeper layers of the soft tissue and jaw bone. 

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms of early gum disease can include swollen or puffy gums that turn dark red. The tissue might also feel tender and may bleed while brushing or flossing. As the disease progresses, you might spot receding gums or visible openings surrounding the teeth. Bite changes can also occur. 

Pain while chewing is also common during the later stages. Once the infection reaches the deeper layers of tissue and bone, tooth loss and bone deterioration may occur, leading to more severe discomfort.

How can a dentist treat it?

If you develop gum disease, a dentist can treat it with a scaling procedure. This process involves using a laser or ultrasonic device to remove tartar and bacteria from the teeth and beneath the gums. They may also provide root planing, which smoothes tooth root surfaces to remove bacteria, prevents buildup from worsening, and helps the gums heal.

To control the infection, many dentists also prescribe oral or topical antibiotics, such as rinses and gels. In cases of severe periodontitis, you may need surgery to reduce the size of gum pockets and help them heal. You might also need a tissue or bone grafting to restore the gums and jaw bone.

How can I prevent it?

Brushing twice and flossing once daily can remove plaque and bacteria from the teeth and gum line. This dental care habit reduces the risk of tartar buildups that might lead to periodontitis. Biannual teeth cleanings from a dentist can more thoroughly cleanse the mouth of harmful microbes that cause periodontal disease. You can also stimulate saliva production, which naturally washes away plaque buildups, by chewing sugar-free gum and drinking water throughout the day. 

If you need treatment for gum disease, contact Stephen R. Ho, DDS in Waikiki. This dentist has provided periodontal treatments and preventative teeth cleanings to clients throughout Honolulu, HI, for over 25 years. Call (808) 949-4288 to schedule an appointment. Visit the website to find out how they can help you in a dental emergency and improve your oral health.