Bunions are a type of bony bump or protrusion on the big toe joint that prevents that toe from pointing forward. Instead, the toe pushes into the adjacent one, making the outer joint stick out. The skin covering the deformed joint can become red and painful. Use the following guide to learn what causes the formation of bunions.

What Causes Bunions to Develop?

1. Injury

Injuries, such as toe fractures and sprains, might cause bunions since they can alter the structure of big toe joints. Sports and exercise injuries, as well as car accidents, are among the most common foot injuries that can temporarily change how you walk and how shoes fit. See a podiatrist immediately following a foot injury to avoid further complications.

2. Genetics

Research indicates that 83% of individuals with bunions have family members with the same issue. Genetics influence foot structure and shape, causing problems such as overpronation, or low arches.

If you have flat feet or other inherited foot issues that affect their ability to bear weight properly, problems with the big toe joint can develop. Custom orthotic footwear that treats overpronation provides relief for such issues.

3. Ill-Fitting Shoes

High heels and other footwear that is narrow, tight, sloped, or pointed puts excessive pressure on toes. The wrong shoes will squeeze toes together, and if worn on a frequent basis, they will eventually cause toe positions to shift. Making sure your shoes fit properly will prevent further issues, helping the toes to move back into healthy positions.

4. Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis causes joint inflammation and contributes to bunion formation. It can also cause big toe arthritis, which makes the joint swollen, red, and stiff. Both issues can occur simultaneously and can cause you to need joint replacement surgery, as well as custom orthotics. A cheilectomy procedure removes bone spurs and scar tissue from the affected joint, improving mobility and decreasing pain. 

Discuss treatment options for your bunions with the team at St. Peters Foot & Ankle: Samuel T. Wood-DPM. Dr. Wood offers 20 years of experience and a full range of podiatry services with convenient locations in St. Peters and Florissant, MO. Call (636) 720-0190 to schedule an appointment, or visit them online for more information.