Bunions are a common foot ailment. Often mistaken for a callus or growth at the base of the big toe, the condition actually occurs when the bones shift, causing the outer bones to protrude more from the side of the toe. The resulting deformation can cause pain and discomfort, but there are some treatment options that will provide relief. A podiatrist can provide more specific information, but the following guide will help you better understand your foot pain and how you can alleviate it.

What You Should Know About Bunions 

What causes bunions?

Genetics is one of the most common causes of bunions. If you inherit flat feet or loose tendons from a parent, and they have bunions, there's a good chance you will develop them too. Many women develop the condition after pregnancy, as the hormones that loosen ligaments to allow for childbirth can also cause the ligaments in the foot to loosen and allow toe bones to shift. Additionally, wearing pointed-toe and high heel shoes most of the day over time can also contribute to structural changes in the foot.

How are bunions treated?

Non-surgical treatment is usually the first course of treatment for bunions. Wearing proper footwear and taking over-the-counter medication to alleviate pain can help a lot. Stretching exercises can help improve the range of motion and strengthen muscles in the foot. Some patients benefit from wearing a brace or splint at night to stretch the toe joint so it doesn't stiffen in the misaligned position and increase pain. In severe cases, doctors may try cortisone injections or recommend surgery.

What shoes are best for people with bunions?

The best way to avoid bunion pain is to wear proper footwear that has plenty of space in the toe area and adequate support. It's best to wear shoes with a wider toe box, or open-toed shoes. Any shoes that rub against the bunion can increase irritation and swelling, making the bump more painful and suddenly appear worse. Footwear with adequate support is also important. Avoid flip-flops and high heels that force you to put more weight on the front of your foot and strain foot muscles.

Is surgery inevitable?

Bunions are a progressive condition and will not go away on their own. The only permanent solution is surgery, but that is typically reserved for patients who have extreme pain, are unable to walk or limited in their activities, or cannot wear shoes. The surgery corrects the deformity in the foot by changing its structure and keeps the bunion from coming back. 

If bunions are causing pain and disrupting your life, make an appointment at St. Peters Foot & Ankle: Samuel T. Wood-DPM. For 25 years, the team at this podiatry practice has helped patients in St Peters and Florissant, MO, with treatment for a wide range of foot-related issues, including ingrown toenails, plantar fasciitis, and injuries. For an appointment, call (636) 720-0190 or visit them online to explore their services.