A septic system is an efficient and environmentally friendly way to treat your wastewater. However, knowing how its different components work will allow you to schedule accurate and timely septic pumping and maintenance. This will prevent costly or dangerous situations from arising and extend the life of your system.

The Anatomy of a Septic System

1. Septic Tank

When wastewater leaves the home, it flows into the large, watertight septic tank where the heavier solids sink to the bottom, and the lighter fats and grease float to the top. The separated wastewater, also known as effluent, remains in the middle until it reaches a high enough level to flow into the outlet valve and enter the leach field.

Naturally occurring anaerobic bacteria inside the tank work to break down the remaining solids, but eventually, septic pumping will be necessary. If the tank isn’t pumped often enough, usually every three to five years, the solids can reach the outlet valve and spill into the pipes leading to the leech field. This can result in sewage leaking onto the surrounding ground, a clog in the pipe, and waste backing up into the home.

2. Distribution Box

After the effluent flows out of the septic tank, it enters the distribution box, which evenly distributes the wastewater across the leach field lines to prevent any area from becoming oversaturated. This ensures the organic matter and solids can be effectively broken down by the soil microbes.

However, if the holes on the distribution box or the pipes leading out of it are damaged, it can result in poor distribution. This can cause localized saturation and excessive amounts of organic matter clogging the soil pores. If this condition goes on for too long, it can cause the leach field to fail prematurely.

3. Leach Field

The leach field is an underground collection of perforated pipes buried in a thick layer of sand and gravel. The effluent is divided through these pipes and is slowly emptied into the surrounding ground, where the soil will filter out any remaining contaminants before the moisture returns to the water table.

Usually, the leach field is silent and hidden. However, if backups develop due to excessive rain, skipped septic pumping, clogged pipes, or broken parts, it can result in excessive sewage, which could flow into the surrounding yard.

Keep your septic system in good condition by entrusting the team at B & B Riley Septic Service. For over 12 years, they’ve provided quality septic services, including septic pumping and installation, to West Plains, MO. Their licensed and certified technicians will help to pick out a system that best meets your home and land’s unique needs. Call them at (417) 256-5062 and visit their website for more information.