Air and water exposure can make welding more difficult, increasing the likelihood of holes and extreme spatter. Shielding gases protect the weld from water vapor and oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen in the air, improving the quality of the finished product. If you’re new to manipulating metal, learn more about the protective properties each shielding gas offers to find the right one for your needs.

A Welder's Guide to Shielding Gases

1. Carbon Dioxide

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the only shielding gas that can be used on its own without the addition of inert gas. It has a deep penetration profile, which makes it suitable for thicker metals.

It also has low ionization potential and thermal conductivity, creating a hot center in the arc column. As a result, it balances the width-to-depth penetration of the weld, but creates more spatter than other shielding gases.

2. Oxygen

As a shielding gas, oxygen (O) is used in concentrations below 10%. It creates high heat output on a surface and has a wide and shallow penetration profile.

The gas improves the fluidity of the weld pool, increasing arc stability in carbon and stainless steel applications. While it does not oxidize metal, it shouldn't be used when working with aluminum, copper, or magnesium.

3. Argon & Argon Mixes

Argon (Ar) is a chemically inert gas that is a cost-effective solution in welding applications. It possesses low thermal conductivity rates, preventing high transfers of heat.

Pure argon is used primarily on nonferrous metals, including silver, aluminum, copper, zinc, and tin. Argon mixes, which combine Ar with other gases, can be used on other metals, improve weld quality, and reduce cleanup needs. For instance, an argon-CO2 combination can increase arc stability, decreasing spatter better than CO2 alone.

When you need compressed gases for your next project, trust Wayne Oxygen & Welding Supply Co. They have served the Waynesboro, Charlottesville, and Harrisonburg, VA, regions since 1959. They provide a full range of welding supplies and gases for various applications. Their experienced, knowledgeable staff will ensure you find the right products for your needs. Call (540) 942-4145 to ask about their inventory, or visit them online to place an order.