Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the US, with nearly 10,000 people diagnosed by oncologists every day. Many of these patients have melanoma, a type of cancer that causes an overgrowth of cells that produce pigment, which gives skin its color. Most often related to excessive exposure to the sun's UV-rays, melanoma can be treated when caught early.If you've been diagnosed with this condition, you likely have a lot of questions. Although everyone is different, the following guide may help you better understand the disease and your treatment options. 

What Oncologists Want Patients to Know About Melanoma

How is melanoma diagnosed?

Melanomas are most often found on the face, neck, upper back, and legs, but can appear anywhere on the body. They usually appear as moles or dark, raised patches of skin that are assymetrical with irregular edges. They might change color, turning red, blue, or white, and bleed or crust over. Your primary care provider may be able to remove the mole and have it tested, or they may refer you to an oncologist for a biopsy to determine whether it is malignant.

Are all melanomas malignant?

Not all melanomas are malignant. However, if you have a mole that starts to change shape or grow, or if you develop a new mole, it should be checked out by a doctor to ensure it is not cancerous. Often, when a melanoma is removed early on,  it cures the disease without any further treatment necessary. 

Can melanomas spread?

If left untreated, a malignant melanoma can spread to other parts of the body, a condition called metastatic melanoma. Although melanoma typically does not have any symptoms, as it spreads it can cause unpleasant symptoms. Melanoma that has spread to the lungs can cause trouble breathing or a persistent cough, for example. It's possible for melanoma to spread to major organs including the brain, liver, bones, liver, and lymph nodes. 

How is melanoma treated?

Oncologists typically treat melanomas by surgically removing them from the skin. If the cancer has spread, radiation therapy may be necessary to eliminate cancer cells that cannot be surgically removed. Some oncologists will also use radiation therapy to alleviate symptoms caused by metastatic melanoma, like headaches or bone pain.  Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies may also be used to treat metastatic melanoma.

Can melanoma be prevented?

Being vigilant about sun care can significantly reduce the risk of melanoma. Wearing sunscreen and protective clothing when spending time outdoors, and avoiding exposure during the peak hours of 10 am to 3 pm can help prevent excessive exposure. Avoiding tanning beds can also help prevent melanoma. 

If you have been diagnosed with melanoma, the oncologists at Tennessee Plateau Oncology - Dirk Davidson, M.D., in Crossville, TN can provide effective treatment to restore and preserve your good health. These skilled physicians have advanced knowledge of the most effective treatments, and you can expect compassion from the entire team. Call (931) 484-7596 for an appointment or visit the website to learn moretreatment options.