Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental health disorder that often starts in childhood and persists into adulthood. It is a chronic condition that can impact an individual’s relationships, performance at school or work, and ability to complete tasks, but professional counseling services and medication can help manage symptoms. Here’s what you need to know about ADHD.

What Is ADHD?

ADHD is a neurological disorder that impairs the brain’s executive functions, often leading to difficulties with concentration, organization, and impulse control. It is categorized into three types: primarily hyperactive/impulsive, primarily inattentive, and combined. 

Individuals with hyperactive/impulsive type ADHD may talk, fidget, and move at inappropriate times, and have the tendency to interrupt others. People with inattentive ADHD tend to be forgetful and have difficulty following conversations, focusing, and finishing tasks. They may daydream or lose track of conversations easily. Someone with combined-type ADHD displays symptoms of both.

What Causes It?

It is currently unknown what exactly causes ADHD. Recent research suggests that there may be a hereditary or genetic component. Children of parents with ADHD seem to be at a higher risk of diagnosis, although no specific gene or gene combination has been identified. Other possible risk factors include:

• Exposure to certain chemicals
• Exposure to harmful environments during pregnancy
• Alcohol or tobacco use during pregnancy
• Low birth weight
• Premature delivery
• Brain injury

How Is It Treated?

There is no cure for ADHD, but it can be managed, usually with a combination of medication and counseling services. The most common medications prescribed are central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, including Adderall and Ritalin. These help improve focus. 

In terms of counseling, behavior therapy is the standard recommendation. This will be the first line of treatment for young children, particularly those 5 years of age and under, before trying medication. Parents should work closely with therapists and receive behavioral parent training (BPT) to help their children manage their symptoms.

If you suspect you or your child has ADHD, come to Feinberg & Associates for an evaluation. Psychologist David Feinberg, Ph.D. has more than 25 years of experience providing counseling services to individuals, couples, and families throughout Lexington, KY. He and his compassionate staff specialize in a wide range of interpersonal and mental health services, including depression, anger issues, marital problems, parental relationships, and eating disorders. Learn more about available counseling services online. To make an appointment, call (859) 233-3390.