In recent years, whiskey has become one of the most popular liquors. But its long and fascinating history has produced several varieties of this versatile spirit, leading to some confusion. What exactly is whiskey and how does it differ from its cousins, scotch and bourbon? 

The History of Whiskey

The term "whiskey" refers to liquor made from fermented grain mash, such as corn, rye, barley, or wheat. The process of turning grains into alcohol is called "distillation" and historians believe it was first practiced 4000 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. Over the centuries, knowledge of distillation spread across Europe, eventually arriving in the British Isles around 1200 AD. There, Scottish and Irish monks who lacked grapes for making wine, developed the first modern whiskey beverage. 

Today, whiskey is made in most grain producing countries, including the US, Scotland, Canada, India, and Japan. Each region has developed techniques using different grains in different ways, to achieve a signature style. For example, Scotland is famous for their single malt whiskeys made from just one type of malted grain, such as barley. While Canada and the US combine different types of whiskey together with a variety of colors and flavorings to produce blended whiskey. 

Scotch Whisky

Besides spelling (the Scotts drop the "e" from whiskey), Scotch differs from other whiskeys in several ways. Single Malt Scotch is made only from malted barley. Malting gives the grain a higher sugar content, which aids in the fermentation process. 

Blended Scotch can be produced using whiskeys made from other grains such as rye or wheat. But all Scotch must contain malted barley. Scotch has a deep amber color and is aged for at least 3 years in oak casts, which imparts a sharp, distinct flavor with a slightly spicy finish.  

To protect Scottland's heritage of whiskey making, its production and labeling is strictly governed by UK liquor laws. It must be produced in Scotland and the only additives allowed are water and caramel color. 

Bourbon

While Scotch can only be made in Scotland, Bourbon can only be made in the United States. It most likely gets its name from Bourbon county, Kentucky, which was settled by Scottish immigrants in the late 18th century. 

They brought with them their knowledge of distillation and used it to develop a new type of American whiskey using corn. Bourbon is aged in charred oak barrels, which gives it a smoother flavor than Scotch, with a hint of caramel and vanilla. 

US liquor laws require Bourbon to be made in the US from a grain mixture of at least 51% corn. Other grains used include rye or barley. The only additives allowed are yeast and water.

If you are looking for a friendly place to test the different types of whiskey, try Lancaster's Lounge & Off-Sale in Lincoln, NE. This family-owned and operated restaurant and bar offers daily wine, beer, and liquor specials in a cozy atmosphere with exceptional service. Call them today at (402) 421-2474 to learn more.