The gums are major indicators of your overall oral health, appearing firm and pink in a healthy mouth. If they bleed, become swollen, discolored, sensitive, or painful, it's a sign that you should visit your dentist. Here are a few reasons you could be experiencing problems with the soft tissues.

Why Gums Become Swollen

1. Gingivitis

A lack of brushing and flossing allows plaque, a sticky film of bacteria, to build up along the gumline. If neglected, it hardens into tartar, which cannot be removed by brushing or flossing. This allows bacteria to irritate the gums, causing them to become swollen and tender, and leads to gingivitis. 

If left untreated, this early stage of gum disease can spread to the underlying tissues and bone. It also progresses to periodontitis, which can lead to tooth loss. Brushing for two minutes at least twice a day and flossing once daily will help avoid plaque buildup.

2. Vitamin Deficiencies

Vitamin C helps strengthen the blood vessels and connective tissues in the gums. A lack of this nutrient can cause the gums to become swollen, weak, and unable to hold the teeth in place. A prolonged deficiency can cause scurvy, which leads to anemia and gum disease. 

While citrus fruits like oranges are high in vitamin C, their citric acids can soften tooth enamel, leaving teeth vulnerable to decay. Instead, turn to peppers, broccoli, sweet potatoes, or kale to increase your intake of this nutrient. If you consume citrus fruits, wait at least 30 minutes before brushing to allow the enamel on your teeth to harden again.  

3. Hormones

The surge of female hormones—estrogen and progesterone—during puberty, menstruation, and pregnancy can increase the blood flow to the gums. This situation can cause the soft tissues to become swollen, red, and tender. It can also make them prone to bleeding during brushing and flossing. 

Brushing at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste will reduce the number of harmful bacteria in your mouth. Also, avoid sugary or starchy foods to protect the enamel and reinforce it against decay.

If you notice the symptoms of swollen gums, visit Springville Family Dental Center in Alabama. Their highly trained, friendly dentists have served residents across St. Claire County since 1989. They offer a wide range of general and cosmetic dentistry services, including cleanings, dentures, braces, and veneers. Visit them online for more information on their dental treatments, and call (205) 467-6147 to schedule an appointment with a dentist.