Several factors can disrupt a woman’s menstrual cycle, including lifestyle changes and her birth control. This irregularity is known as oligomenorrhea and is not always a cause for concern. However, it is worth discussing with your gynecologist. In the meantime, here are five of the common reasons you might be experiencing this fluctuation. 

What Causes Irregular Periods?

1. Hormones 

The reproductive hormones estrogen and progesterone are responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle. When hormone levels change or are unusual, cycle irregularities can occur. This can happen because of pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and menopause.

Hormonal birth control methods—which contain estrogen, progestin, or both—can affect menstruation too. You might temporarily experience an irregular period after starting, switching, or stopping hormonal birth control.

2. Stress & Lifestyle

Cortisol, the stress hormone, can also affect reproductive health. Under intense stress, your period may be delayed or missing as the body is in fight-or-flight mode.

Significant weight fluctuations can disrupt your cycle as well. This is most common in malnourished people or those with a very low body fat percentage, as this state stops ovulation. 

Some women also experience this issue when sick or traveling.

3. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome 

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) occurs when the ovaries develop cysts, prompting them to produce excessive amounts of the male hormones androgen and testosterone. Usually, these are present in women in tiny doses. The unusually high degree of male hormones can disrupt the menstrual cycle, causing women to have irregular or unusually light periods or stop menstruating entirely.

4. Uterine Fibroids  

Fibroids can develop in or on the uterine wall. There may be one or several, and they can range in size from an apple seed to a grapefruit. Uterine fibroids can be asymptomatic, and most are noncancerous, but some cause heavy, painful periods.

5. Endometriosis 

Endometriosis is a condition in which the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. This endometrial tissue may attach itself to the ovaries or fallopian tubes or be seen on the lower digestive tract organs. This is usually accompanied by irregular, heavy bleeding, cramps, and intense pain. 

If you’re experiencing irregular periods, a gynecologist can help. Pulaski County, AR, residents trust North Little Rock Women’s Clinic for comprehensive, compassionate care. From birth control to cervical cancer screening and PCOS treatment to menopause management, this team of women’s health experts is dedicated to offering the finest care in a warm, inviting atmosphere. Call (501) 835-9444 to speak with a friendly staff member to schedule an appointment, or visit the website to learn more about the practice.