January is Cervical Health Awareness Month, making it an excellent time to educate individuals across the nation about the topic. Every year, thousands of women in the U.S. are diagnosed with cervical cancer. However, the disease can be prevented when you partner with your family medicine specialist about what measures to take. The following guide shares what you should know about protecting your cervical health and minimizing risks. 

What Is Cervical Cancer? 

Cervical cancer forms in the cells of the cervix, which is the lower region of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It's a slow-growing cancer that may not have any symptoms in the early stages. It’s caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a sexually transmitted infection. HPV infection may lead to abnormal cells in the cervix, which can turn into cancer. Cervical cancer usually doesn't cause any symptoms in the early stages.

What Are the Causes & Symptoms? 

Besides HPV, other factors that may increase the risk of cervical cancer include smoking or tobacco use, a compromised immune system, and a family history of cervical cancer. Women who have had many sexual partners, who started sexual activity at a young age, or have had a sexually transmitted infection are also at higher risk of developing cervical cancer. 

As mentioned earlier, early-stage cervical cancer usually doesn't trigger any symptoms, but as the cancer grows, signs may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain during intercourse, and pelvic pain. Keep in mind that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, which is why regular screenings by your family medicine doctor are crucial. These typically include a Pap test and an HPV test. 

How Can It Be Prevented? 

The risk of developing this type of cancer can be lessened through regular screenings and HPV vaccination. A Pap smear is a test that detects abnormal cells in the cervix, while an HPV test looks for the presence of the virus that may cause the abnormal cells. It's recommended that women aged 21 to 65 get a Pap test every three years. An HPV test is recommended for women aged 30 to 65 every five years. 

The HPV vaccine is also recommended for preteens between the ages of 11 and 12. The vaccine can protect against several strains of HPV that may cause cancer. It's important to note that the vaccine is most beneficial when given before sexual activity starts. 

Cervical Health Awareness Month is an essential reminder to not overlook this aspect of your well-being, and your family medicine specialist can help you reduce your risk of developing cervical cancer. If you’re due for a screening or vaccination, put your trust in United Hospital District. We have three locations to better serve you in Blue Earth, Fairmont, and Wells, MN. Our offices provide quality care to our patients, and we’ve been serving our community since 1966. You can call us at (507) 526-7388 or visit our website for more information.