Cardiac arrest is a swift and often fatal health complication. It’s responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. It has a number of causes, a handful of which are known as the H’s and T’s. These, luckily, are reversible effects, which is why it’s important to visit a health care provider if you’re at risk.

A Guide to What Causes Cardiac Arrest

H’s

The H’s of cardiac arrest are hypoxia, hypovolemia, hypothermia, and hyperkalemia/hypokalemia. Hypoxia is an uncommon primary cause, though often a contributor. It occurs when low levels of oxygen circulate the blood and can be reversed through properly oxygenizing the blood. Hypovolemia is more common and occurs from intravascular hemorrhaging. Treatment requires a rapid infusion of blood to counteract the hemorrhaging.

Hypothermia occurs from extreme drops in core body temperature. Stage IV hypothermia is when the patient will go into cardiac arrest. It can be treated by warming the person with blankets, warm air, and body heat. Hyperkalemia/hypokalemia are electrolyte disorders. Hypokalemia can be reversed with a rapid electrolyte infusion. Hyperkalemia will need to be treated with dialysis or sodium bicarbonate to counteract the electrolyte levels. 

T’s

The T’s of cardiac arrest are tamponade, toxins, and pulmonary, and coronary thrombosis. Cardiac tamponade is when the pericardial sac fills with fluid and interrupts normal cardiac function. This is often from gunshot wounds and other trauma to the chest area. It’s treated by a thoracotomy to remove the fluid. Various toxins can interrupt cardiac function. Often, drugs like opiates, alcohol, or barbiturates create issues with blood pressure, affecting the heart. The symptoms are combated with various IV infusions to restore blood pressure and respiration.

Pulmonary thrombosis is especially difficult to manage because it can manifest without warning. It occurs when blood clots travel to the lungs and block arteries. Coronary thrombosis is the most common cause of cardiac arrest. It occurs when a blockage prevents adequate blood flow to the heart. CPR is often needed immediately. Once in a health care setting, the patient will get surgery.

Since 1971, Covenant Hospital Levelland has provided comprehensive health care services to residents of Hockley County, TX. Their skilled team and state-of-the-art facilities are designed to treat issues related to gynecology, cardiology, pediatrics, and internal medicine. Their staff takes a personalized approach to care, and you can count on their health care professionals working closely with you to resolve any issues. Call (806) 894-4963 to schedule an appointment. Visit their website to learn more about their services.