Refractive errors are among the most common eye conditions in adults and children. They can be diagnosed by an eye doctor after an examination and are easily treated in most cases. Refractive errors occur when light enters the eye but does not focus properly on the retina. The cause may be the length of the eye, the shape of the cornea, or imperfections in the lens. Here is a brief guide to refractive errors, their symptoms, and treatment. 

Types of Refractive Errors

Myopia

Refractive errors are categorized into four main types. Myopia, also called nearsightedness, affects around 40% of people, according to the American Optometric Association. A nearsighted person cannot see distant objects clearly because refracted light focuses in front of the retina instead of onto the retina. In general, myopia is caused by curvature of the cornea or an elongated eyeball. 

Hyperopia

With hyperopia, or farsightedness, you can see distant objects clearly, but nearby objects are blurry. That's due to light being bent behind the retina, because the cornea is not curved enough or the eyeball is too short. This condition can affect people of all ages, but particularly the elderly.

Presbyopia

Presbyopia typically comes with aging. As people get older, the lenses in their eyes lose elasticity, leading to an inability to discern images and words up close.

Astigmatism

Astigmatism affects an estimated one out of three people. They have an abnormally shaped cornea, so the eye fails to properly focus light. Objects that are distant and close can appear blurry. 

Common Symptoms

Refractive errors have easily identifiable symptoms. They include blurred vision, difficulty seeing distant objects, squinting, eye strain and headaches. With children, many parents make sure to schedule an early eye doctor exam, while teachers are often trained to spot vision problems in class. Adults may be less alert to vision changes, so routine checkups at the eye doctor are highly recommended.

Treatment

After diagnosing you with a refractive error, an eye doctor is most likely to prescribe glasses or contact lenses to correct the issue. If you have presbyopia, you may be able to fix your vision with over-the-counter reading glasses. In some cases, they may recommend laser surgery to alter the cornea or lens. 

If you are experiencing vision problems, consult an eye doctor at Northern Lights Eye Care in Anchorage, AK. Offering services to area residents of all ages, this vision center provides affordable eye care services for the whole family. They offer eye exams, fittings for new glasses, and prescriptions for contact lenses. To schedule an appointment, call them today at (907) 276-3937, and visit their website to learn more.