Pilots must pass a medical exam to earn or maintain their pilot certificate. This essential exam ensures that your health will not interfere with your abilities in the sky. But, what does the exam entail, and what are your chances of passing? In addition to consulting your flight school, the following guide can calm your nerves as you begin the process.

What Does the Examiner Do?

Before your medical examination, your examiner will instruct you to create an account on the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) MedXPress system. There, you’ll fill out forms about your health history. Once your identity has been verified, your examiner will review your forms and schedule your examination appointment.

Before your general physical, your examiner will go over the information you provided and seek out more, so they can create a complete picture of your health, including past health issues, surgeries, and medications. During the physical, you can expect an eye test, hearing test, and urinalysis. The examiner will also check your blood pressure and learn more about your mental well-being. Once the exam is complete, they’ll submit your paperwork to the FAA.

What Are the Different Types of Exams?

Your medical examination process will vary based on your age and the type of certification you’ve trained for in flight school. A third-class medical exam is the least intrusive and is appropriate for a student, recreational, or private pilot. For pilots under 40, the medical exam is valid for 60 months, whereas for those 40 or older, it is valid for 24 months.

Second-class exams are for commercial pilots and are valid for 12 months. First-class exams are for pilots who have airline transport privileges—those flying scheduled airliners. For those over 40, the exam is valid for six months and includes an ECG. For those under 40, it is valid for 12 months. In both first and second-class exams, vision and hearing standards are higher. 

What Are Possible Outcomes?

After your exam, your examiner will decide whether to approve, deny, or defer your application for additional processing.

Denials are rare but may result from a history of substance abuse and arrests. However, you can always appeal the decision with the FAA. If, for example, you could provide proof of rehabilitation, your appeal may be successful.

Deferments are common for those with health issues. During the deferment process, the FAA might instruct you to switch medications or wait out your symptoms before issuing a special medical certificate.

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